PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Valentine, Charles
TI  - Deficit Difference, and Bicultural Models of Afro-American Behavior
AID  - 10.17763/haer.41.2.n141n3g84145506m
DP  - 1971 Jul 01
TA  - Harvard Educational Review
PG  - 137--157
VI  - 41
IP  - 2
4099  - http://harvardeducationalreview.org/content/41/2/137.short
4100  - http://harvardeducationalreview.org/content/41/2/137.full
SO  - herp1971 Jul 01; 41
AB  - The author presents arguments against the prevailing models for describing and analyzing Afro-American culture. He rejects not only the biological and culturaldeficit models, but also presents evidence against the more recent cultural difference and culture-of-poverty models. He sees the latter models as incorrect,and also as harmful if used as a basis for new educational policies and programs. In their place, as a result of on-going field study and his several previous research projects in this area, Mr. Valentine proposes a bicultural educational model, recognizing that many blacks are simultaneously committed to both Black culture and mainstream culture, and that the two are not mutually exclusive as generally assumed.