Research Article
Reframing Classroom Research: A Lesson from the Private World of Children
Adrienne Alton-Lee, Graham Nuthall and John Patrick
Harvard Educational Review April 1993, 63 (1) 50-85; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.63.1.uh00236162314763
Adrienne Alton-Lee
Graham Nuthall

References
- Alton-Lee, A. G. (1984). Understanding learning and teaching: An investigation of pupil experience of content in relation to immediate and long term learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., & Densem, P. A. (1992). Towards a gender-inclusive school curriculum: Changing educational practice. In S. Middleton & A. Jones (Eds.), Women and education in Aotearoa (Vol. 2, pp. 197-220). Wellington: Bridget Williams.Towards a gender-inclusive school curriculum: Changing educational practice. Women and education in Aotearoa 2:197–220.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., Densem, P. A., & Nuthall, G. A. (1991). Imperatives of classroom research: Understanding what children learn about gender and race. In J. Morss & T. Linzey (Eds.), Growing up: Lifespan development and the politics of human learning (pp. 93-117). Auckland: Longman Paul.Imperatives of classroom research: Understanding what children learn about gender and race. Growing up: Lifespan development and the politics of human learning, 93–117.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., & Nuthall, G. A. (1990). Pupil experiences and pupil learning in the elementary classroom: An illustration of a generative methodology. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 6(1), 27-46.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., & Nuthall, G. A. (1991). Understanding Learning and Teaching Project: Phase Two (Report to the Ministry of Education). Wellington: Ministry of Education.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., & Nuthall, G. A. (1992a). Challenges in developing a methodology to explain "Opportunity to Learn." Classroom Interaction Journal, 27(2), 1-9.Challenges in developing a methodology to explain "Opportunity to Learn." Classroom Interaction Journal 27:1–9.
- Alton-Lee, A. G., & Nuthall, G. A. (1992b). A generative methodology for classroom research. In Educational Philosophy and Theory, special issue of Educational Research Methodology, 24(2), 29-55.
- Apple, M., & Weiss L. (Eds.). (1983). Introduction. In M. Apple and L. Weiss, Ideology and practice in schooling (pp. 3-33). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- Aschner, M. J. (1959). The analysis of classroom discourse: A method and its uses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana.
- Bellack, A., Hyman, R., Smith, F., & Kliebard, H. (1966). The language of the classroom. New York: Columbia University Press.The language of the classroom.
- Berwick-Emms, P. E. (1989). Classroom interaction patterns and their underlying structure: A study of how achievement in the first year of school is influenced by home patterns of interaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Blumenfeld P. C., & Meece, J. L. (1988). Task factors, teacher behavior, and students' involvement and use of learning strategies in science. Elementary School Journal, 88(3), 1-9.Task factors, teacher behavior, and students' involvement and use of learning strategies in science. Elementary School Journal 88:1–9.
- Bourdieu, P. (1977). Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. In J. Karabel & A. Halsey (Eds.), Power and ideology in education (pp. 487-511). New York: Oxford University Press.Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. Power and ideology in education, 487–511.
- Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Schooling in capitalist America.
- Cazden, C. B. (1986). Classroom discourse. In M. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 432-463). New York: Macmillan.
- Clay, M. (1985). Engaging with the school system: A study of interactions in new entrant classrooms. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 20(1), 20-38.Engaging with the school system: A study of interactions in new entrant classrooms. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 20:20–38.
- Densem, P., Wilton, K., & Keeling, B. (1988). Community, residential and family indicators of psychosocial retardation. Mental Handicap in New Zealand, 11(4), 4-26.Community, residential and family indicators of psychosocial retardation. Mental Handicap in New Zealand 11:4–26.
- Doyle, W. (1983). Academic work. Review of Educational Research, 53, 159-199.Academic work. Review of Educational Research 53:159–199.
- Doyle, W. (1986). Classroom organization and management. In M. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 392-431). New York: Macmillan.
- Dyson, A. H. (1987). The value of "time off task": Young children's spontaneous talk and deliberate text. Harvard Educational Review, 57, 396—420.
- Heath, S. B. (1982). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school. Language in Society, 11, 49-76.What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school. Language in Society 11:49–76.
- Howard, R. W. (1987). Concepts and schemata. London: Cassell.Concepts and schemata.
- Hughes, D. C. (1973). An experimental investigation of the effects of pupil responding and teacher reacting on pupil achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 10, 21-37.
- Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Towards a complex science of language, inference and consciousness. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.Towards a complex science of language, inference and consciousness.
- Jones, A. (1985). Which girls are "learning to lose"? Gender, class, race in the classroom. New Zealand Women's Studies Journal, 1(2), 15-27.Which girls are "learning to lose"? Gender, class, race in the classroom. New Zealand Women's Studies Journal 1:15–27.
- Kelly, A. (1988). Gender-differences in teacher-pupil interactions: A meta-analytic review. Research in Education, 39, 1-23.
- Kounin, J. S. (1970). Discipline and group management in classrooms. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Discipline and group management in classrooms.
- Lauder, H., & Hughes, D. (1990). Social inequalities and differences in school outcomes. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 25(1), 37-60.Social inequalities and differences in school outcomes. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 25:37–60.
- Newton, K. (1988). Gender differences in classroom interaction. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
- Nuthall, G. A., & Alton-Lee, A. G. (1990). Research on teaching and learning: Thirty years of change. The Elementary School Journal, 90, 547-570.
- Nuthall G. A., & Alton-Lee, A. G. (1991, April). Making the connection between teaching and learning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.
- Nuthall, G. A., & Alton-Lee, A. G. (1992). Understanding how students learn in classrooms. In M. Pressley, K. Harris, & J. Guthrie (Eds.), Promoting academic competence and literacy in school. San Diego: Academic Press.Understanding how students learn in classrooms. Promoting academic competence and literacy in school.
- Nuthall, G. A., & Alton-Lee, A. G. (1993). Understanding learning and teaching: A theory of student knowledge construction in classrooms. Unpublished manuscript.
- Nuthall, G. A., & Church, R. J. (1973). Experimental studies of teaching behavior. In G. Chanan (Ed.), Towards a science of teaching (pp. 9-25). Slough, Eng.: National Foundation for Educational Research.Experimental studies of teaching behavior. Towards a science of teaching, 9–25.
- Peterson, P. L., Swing, S. R., Stark, K. D., & Waas, G. A. (1984). Students' cognitions and time on task during mathematics instruction. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 487-515.
- Sadker, M., Sadker, D., & Klein, S. (1991). The issue of gender in elementary and secondary education. Review of Research in Education, 17, 269-334.
- Spender, D. (1982). Invisible women: The schooling scandal. London: Readers & Writers.Invisible women: The schooling scandal.
In this issue
Reframing Classroom Research: A Lesson from the Private World of Children
Adrienne Alton-Lee, Graham Nuthall, John Patrick
Harvard Educational Review Apr 1993, 63 (1) 50-85; DOI: 10.17763/haer.63.1.uh00236162314763
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.




