Research Article
Legally White, Socially “Mexican”: The Politics of De Jure and De Facto School Segregation in the American Southwest
Rubén Donato and Jarrod Hanson
Harvard Educational Review June 2012, 82 (2) 202-225; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.82.2.a562315u72355106
Rubén Donato
1
University of Colorado, Boulder
Jarrod Hanson
1
University of Colorado, Boulder

References
- Alvarez, R. R. (1986). The Lemon Grove incident: The nation's first successful desegregation court case. Journal of San Diego History, 32(3). Retrieved from http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongrove.htm http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongrove.htm
- Alvarez v. Lemon Grove, Civil Action No. 66625 (Superior Court San Diego County, Cal. 1931).
- Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and racial inequality in contemporary America. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and racial inequality in contemporary America.
- Bowman, K. L. (2001). The new face of school desegregation. Duke Law Journal, 50, 1751-1808.The new face of school desegregation. Duke Law Journal 50:1751–1808.
- Brown v. Board of Educ., 374 U.S. 483 (1954).
- Camarillo, A. (1979). Chicanos in a changing society: From Mexican pueblos to American barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Chicanos in a changing society: From Mexican pueblos to American barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930.
- Carson, C. (1991). The eyes on the prize civil rights reader: Documents, speeches, and firsthand accounts from the black freedom struggle, 1954-1990. New York: Viking.The eyes on the prize civil rights reader: Documents, speeches, and firsthand accounts from the black freedom struggle, 1954-1990.
- Cisneros v. Corpus Christi ISD, 324 F. Supp. 599 (S.D. Tex. 1970).
- Cubberley, E. P. (1922). Public school administration: A statement of the fundamental principles underlying the organization and administration of public education. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Public school administration: A statement of the fundamental principles underlying the organization and administration of public education.
- Donato, R. (1997). The other struggle for equal schools: Mexican Americans during the civil rights era. Albany: State University of New York Press.The other struggle for equal schools: Mexican Americans during the civil rights era.
- Foley, N. (1997). The white scourge: Blacks, Mexicans, and poor whites in Texas cotton culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.The white scourge: Blacks, Mexicans, and poor whites in Texas cotton culture.
- García, D. (2011, April). “A few of the brightest, cleanest Mexican children”: Origins of school segregation as a form of mundane educational racism in Oxnard, California, 1900-1940. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.A few of the brightest, cleanest Mexican children: Origins of school segregation as a form of mundane educational racism in Oxnard, California, 1900-1940.
- Alvarez, R. R. (1986). The Lemon Grove incident: The nation's first successful desegregation court case. Journal of San Diego History, 32(3). Retrieved from http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongrove.htm http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongrove.htm
- Alvarez v. Lemon Grove, Civil Action No. 66625 (Superior Court San Diego County, Cal. 1931).
- Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and racial inequality in contemporary America. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and racial inequality in contemporary America.
- Bowman, K. L. (2001). The new face of school desegregation. Duke Law Journal, 50, 1751-1808.The new face of school desegregation. Duke Law Journal 50:1751–1808.
- Brown v. Board of Educ., 374 U.S. 483 (1954).
- Camarillo, A. (1979). Chicanos in a changing society: From Mexican pueblos to American barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Chicanos in a changing society: From Mexican pueblos to American barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930.
- Carson, C. (1991). The eyes on the prize civil rights reader: Documents, speeches, and firsthand accounts from the black freedom struggle, 1954-1990. New York: Viking.The eyes on the prize civil rights reader: Documents, speeches, and firsthand accounts from the black freedom struggle, 1954-1990.
- Cisneros v. Corpus Christi ISD, 324 F. Supp. 599 (S.D. Tex. 1970).
- Cubberley, E. P. (1922). Public school administration: A statement of the fundamental principles underlying the organization and administration of public education. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Public school administration: A statement of the fundamental principles underlying the organization and administration of public education.
- Donato, R. (1997). The other struggle for equal schools: Mexican Americans during the civil rights era. Albany: State University of New York Press.The other struggle for equal schools: Mexican Americans during the civil rights era.
- Foley, N. (1997). The white scourge: Blacks, Mexicans, and poor whites in Texas cotton culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.The white scourge: Blacks, Mexicans, and poor whites in Texas cotton culture.
- García, D. (2011, April). “A few of the brightest, cleanest Mexican children”: Origins of school segregation as a form of mundane educational racism in Oxnard, California, 1900-1940. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.A few of the brightest, cleanest Mexican children”: Origins of school segregation as a form of mundane educational racism in Oxnard, California, 1900-1940.
- Gomez, L. E. (2007). Manifest destinies: The making of the Mexican American race. New York: New York University Press.Manifest destinies: The making of the Mexican American race.
- Gonzalez, G. G. (1990). Chicano education in the era of segregation. Philadelphia: Balch Institute Press.Chicano education in the era of segregation.
- Goodman, F. I. (1972). De facto school segregation: A constitutional and empirical analysis. California Law Review, 60(2), 275-437.De facto school segregation: A constitutional and empirical analysis. California Law Review 60:275–437.
- Gross, A. J. (2003). Texas Mexicans and the politics of whiteness. Law and History Review, 21(1), 195-205.Texas Mexicans and the politics of whiteness. Law and History Review 21:195–205.
- Gross, A. J. (2007). “The Caucasian cloak”: Mexican Americans and the politics of whiteness in the twentieth-century southwest. Georgetown Law Journal, 95, 338-392.The Caucasian cloak”: Mexican Americans and the politics of whiteness in the twentieth-century southwest. Georgetown Law Journal 95:338–392.
- Haney López, I. F. (1997). Race, ethnicity, erasure: The salience of race to LatCrit theory. California Law Review, 85(5), 1143-1211.Race, ethnicity, erasure: The salience of race to LatCrit theory. California Law Review 85:1143–1211.
- Hernandez v. Texas. 347 U.S. 475 (1954).
- Highsmith, A. R. (2009). Demolition means progress: Race, class and the destruction of the American dream in Flint, Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan.Demolition means progress: Race, class and the destruction of the American dream in Flint, Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
- In re Rodriguez, 81 Fed. 337 (W.D. Tex. 1897).
- Independent School District v. Salvatierra, 33 S.W. 2d 790 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1930).
- Keyes v. School District No. 1, 413 U.S. 189 (1973).
- Kirp, D. L. (1982). Just schools: The idea of racial equality in American education. Berkeley: University of California Press.Just schools: The idea of racial equality in American education.
- Lee, S. (2009). Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype: Listening to Asian American youth. New York: Teachers College Press.Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype: Listening to Asian American youth.
- Linn, R. L., & Welner, K. G. (2007). Race-conscious policies for assigning students to schools: Social science research and the Supreme Court cases. Washington, DC: National Academy of Education.Race-conscious policies for assigning students to schools: Social science research and the Supreme Court cases.
- Marquez, B. (1993). LULAC: The evolution of a Mexican American political organization. Austin: University of Texas Press.LULAC: The evolution of a Mexican American political organization.
- Martinez, G. A. (1993). Legal indeterminacy, judicial discretion and the Mexican-American litigation experience: 1930-1980. U.C. Davis Law Review, 27, 555-619.Legal indeterminacy, judicial discretion and the Mexican-American litigation experience: 1930-1980. U.C. Davis Law Review 27:555–619.
- Martinez, G. A. (1997). The legal construction of race: Mexican Americans and whiteness. Harvard Latino Law Review, 2, 321-348.The legal construction of race: Mexican Americans and whiteness. Harvard Latino Law Review 2:321–348.
- Martinez, G. A. (2000). The legal construction of race: Mexican Americans and whiteness (JSRI Occasional Paper No. 54). East Lansing: Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State University.The legal construction of race: Mexican Americans and whiteness (JSRI Occasional Paper No. 54).
- Menchaca, M. (2001). Recovering history, constructing race: The Indian, black and white roots of Mexican Americans. Austin: University of Texas Press.Recovering history, constructing race: The Indian, black and white roots of Mexican Americans.
- Mendez v. Westminster School District, 64 F. Supp 544 (S.D. Cal. 1946) (No. Civ. 4292).
- Montejano, D. (1987). Anglos and Mexicans in the making of Texas, 1836-1986. Austin: University of Texas Press.Anglos and Mexicans in the making of Texas, 1836-1986.
- Orfield, G. (1978). Must we bus? Segregated schools and national policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Must we bus? Segregated schools and national policy.
- Orfield, G. (Ed.). (2008). Latinos: Remaking America. Berkeley: University of California Press.Latinos: Remaking America.
- Orfield, G., Bachmeier, M. D., James, D. R., & Eitle, T. (1997). Deepening segregation in American public schools: A special report from the Harvard Project on School Desegregation. Equity and Excellence in Education, 30(2), 5-24.Deepening segregation in American public schools: A special report from the Harvard Project on School Desegregation. Equity and Excellence in Education 30:5–24.
- Orfield, G., & Eaton, S. (1996). Dismantling desegregation: The quiet reversal of Brown v. Board of Education. New York: W. W. Norton.Dismantling desegregation: The quiet reversal of Brown v. Board of Education.
- Orfield, G., & Yun, J. T. (1999). Resegregation in American schools. Cambridge, MA: Civil Rights Project, Harvard University.Resegregation in American schools.
- Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1, 551 U.S. 701 (2007).
- Plessey v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).
- Powers, J. M. (2008). Forgotten history: Mexican American school segregation in Arizona. Equity and Excellence in Education, 41(4), 467-481.Forgotten history: Mexican American school segregation in Arizona. Equity and Excellence in Education 41:467–481.
- Salinas, G. (1971). Mexican-Americans and desegregation of schools in the Southwest. Houston Law Review, 8, 929-951.Mexican-Americans and desegregation of schools in the Southwest. Houston Law Review 8:929–951.
- Sanchez, G. J. (1993). Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, culture and identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. New York: Oxford University Press.Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, culture and identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945.
- San Miguel, G. (1987). “Let all of them take heed”: Mexican Americans and the campaign for educational equality in Texas, 1910-1981. Austin: University of Texas Press.Let all of them take heed”: Mexican Americans and the campaign for educational equality in Texas, 1910-1981.
- San Miguel, G., & Valencia, R. (1998). From the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to Hopwood: The educational plight and struggle of Mexican Americans in the Southwest. Harvard Educational Review, 68(3), 353-412.From the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to Hopwood: The educational plight and struggle of Mexican Americans in the Southwest. Harvard Educational Review 68:353–412.
- Sheridan, C. (2003). “Another White race”: Mexican Americans and the paradox of whiteness in jury selection. Law and History Review, 21(1), 1-34.Another White race”: Mexican Americans and the paradox of whiteness in jury selection. Law and History Review 21:1–34.
- Strum, P. (2010). Mendez v. Westminster: School desegregation and Mexican-American rights. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.Mendez v. Westminster: School desegregation and Mexican-American rights.
- Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Ed., 402 U.S. 1, 17-18 (1970).
- Tyack, D. (1974). The one best system: A history of American urban education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.The one best system: A history of American urban education.
- Tyack, D., & Hansot, E. (1982). Managers of virtue: Public school leadership in America, 1829-1980. New York: Basic Books.Managers of virtue: Public school leadership in America, 1829-1980.
- Valencia, R. (2005). The Mexican American struggle for equal educational opportunity in Mendez v. Westminster: Helping to pave the way for Brown v. Board of Education. Teachers College Record, 107(3), 389-423.The Mexican American struggle for equal educational opportunity in Mendez v. Westminster: Helping to pave the way for Brown v. Board of Education. Teachers College Record 107:389–423.
- Valencia, R. (2008). Chicano students and the courts: The Mexican American legal struggle for educational equality. New York: New York University Press.Chicano students and the courts: The Mexican American legal struggle for educational equality.
- Wilson, S. H. (2003). Brown over “other White”: Mexican Americans’ legal arguments and litigation strategy in school desegregation lawsuits. Law and History Review, 21(1), 145-194.Brown over “other White”: Mexican Americans’ legal arguments and litigation strategy in school desegregation lawsuits. Law and History Review 21:145–194.
- Wollenberg, C. (1976). All deliberate speed: Segregation and exclusion in California schools, 1855-1975. Berkeley: University of California Press.All deliberate speed: Segregation and exclusion in California schools, 1855-1975.
In this issue
Legally White, Socially “Mexican”: The Politics of De Jure and De Facto School Segregation in the American Southwest
Rubén Donato, Jarrod Hanson
Harvard Educational Review Jun 2012, 82 (2) 202-225; DOI: 10.17763/haer.82.2.a562315u72355106
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.




